---Product Description---
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a new type of redox coenzyme, has similar physiological functions to vitamins. In 1979, American microbiologists Duine and Salisbury isolated the coenzyme from bacteria, determined its structural formula, and named it pyrroloquinoline quinone. In 2004, scientists discovered the presence of PQQ in comet dust and speculated that PQQ and many other molecules arrived on Earth with comet dust billions of years ago, helping the Earth to produce life. Modern research has also found that the active ingredient in the "immortal medicine" Tai Sui is PQQ.
PQQ is widely found in plants, animals and human tissues.
PQQ in nature is currently believed to be synthesized only by Gram-negative bacteria (G-), and spread to the biosphere through the material cycle in nature.
Animal and human intestinal flora cannot synthesize PQQ, and it is mainly obtained exogenously through dietary sources, such as natto, parsley, green tea, green pepper, oolong tea, kiwi fruit, papaya, tofu, spinach, carrots, potatoes, etc.
Natto contains a high content of PQQ, about 61ng/g. Breast milk also contains PQQ, about 140-180ng/ml, which is a growth factor necessary for infant development.
Studies have shown that PQQ can support the growth and development of mitochondria and has good antioxidant properties.
2012 Canada: PQQ is included in the Natural Health Product Ingredient Database
2023 Japan: The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare classifies PQQ as a non-drug in the food and drug classification
2016 United States: PQQ obtains GRAS certification from the US FDA
2018 EU: European Food Safety Authority EFSA approves PQQ as a new food PQQ has been included in the European Commission's Cosmetic Substance and Ingredient Information Database
2022: China: National Health Commission Announcement No. 1 of 2022 approved PQQ synthesis as a new food raw material In October 2023, the National Health Commission approved PQQ produced by bacterial fermentation as a new food raw material
Characteristics and health benefits of PQQ: PQQ's two major biological functions make it powerful in growth and development, brain health, cardiovascular health, metabolic function health, etc.
1. Mitochondrial (biological) generation:
Directly acts on key enzymes in mitochondria to improve energy production. Prevent mitochondrial damage and promote the spontaneous generation of new mitochondria in aging cells
2. Powerful antioxidant properties: Able to catalyze continuous cycles (PQQ can perform 20,000 catalytic conversions, while vitamin C can only perform 4 times). Acts on mitochondrial generation
PQQ improves mitochondrial performance: Mitochondria are the main place for cells to perform aerobic respiration and are called "power houses". Their vitality and quantity are directly related to the health level of the human body. The occurrence of many neurological and organ diseases is related to mitochondria. PQQ can increase the number and quality of healthy mitochondria in aging cells, allowing aging cells to regain vitality.
（Effects of PQQ supplementation on mitochondrial biogenesis markers in untrained men）
N = 23, male, randomly divided into 2 groups, taking 20 mg/d of PQQ or placebo (PLC) and undergoing six weeks of endurance training, PGC-1a protein levels were assessed before and after training, *P<0.001 #P<0.001. (PGC-1a: a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism)------------------------Conclusion: PQQ supplementation may affect mitochondrial biogenesis by significantly increasing PGC-1α protein levels
PQQ's powerful antioxidant properties: The generation and removal of various free radicals in the body should be in a dynamic balance. Too many or too few free radicals are harmful to the body. Influenced by the external environment and diet, the accumulation of free radicals and harmful substances in the human body in modern society is becoming more and more serious, causing the body to age and cause various diseases such as cancer and heart disease.
（PQQ can prevent oxidative damage to the body and protect the normal aerobic respiration of mitochondria.）
---Product Effect and Application---
1.Growth and development：
（PQQ promotes the proliferation of A431 cells）
A431 cells were cultured in serum-free medium for 72 hours before WST-8 detection (A, n=6) and Click-iT EdU detection (B, n=8). The results are mean ± SD. *P<0.05, *P<0.01, **P<0.001.
（Effects of PQQ deficiency and supplementation on growth and appearance in mice）
N=10/group, growth of first generation pups (6 weeks old) born to BALB/c dams fed diets containing different amounts of PQQ.
Conclusion: PQQ can promote cell growth. Lack of PQQ in the diet can lead to growth retardation and neonatal developmental delay.
2.Brain health：Brain anti-aging black technology, improve cognition
-Promotes mitochondrial regeneration and provides energy
-Inhibits the activity of reactive oxygen species and prevents cell aging
-Enhances nerve growth factor NGF and protects nerves
（White: control group--------Black: 20mgPQQ/kg body weight/day--------White dots: 300mgQ10/kg body weight/day--------Line: 20mgPQQ＋300mgQ10 /kg body weight/day)
Effects of different components on the learning ability of rats in Morris water maze
N=41, male Wistar rats (3 months old, fed for 9 weeks starting from the 4th week), swam once a day for 15 days.
Conclusion: Feeding PQQ can improve the learning ability of rats, and may be more effective than coenzyme 10 in improving the learning ability of rats using spatial cognition
